Once, when the Buddha lived in the Garden of Solitude in the Gion Grove of the Acropolis, one day the Buddha said to his monks, "Disciples, there are four kinds of food for the survival of people or beings in the world. The first is a material food that can fill the stomach either coarse or fine. The second is the ability to recognize, judge, and distinguish whether things exist or not in the outside world, which is called food awareness. The third is that the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and inner contact with external things produce cognition and feelings, such as the eyes see things, the ears hear sounds, the nose smells the smell, the tongue tastes, the body touches things, the mind after contacting external things, and these contact with external things have cognition and feelings, which is called touching. The fourth type is the spiritual thoughts that arise in the heart, the wishes that are expected to be fulfilled, and so on, which is called meaning food. Disciples, these four foods allow people or beings in the world to survive.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for these four foods to be produced? How do they come together? How are they formed? What are their roots? Of these four foods, craving is the prerequisite for their production, craving makes them gather, craving makes them appear, and craving is their root.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for greed to arise? How does craving come together? How is craving formed? What is the root of craving? Feelings are the prerequisite for the production of craving, feelings make craving gather, feelings make craving form appear, and feelings are the root of craving.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for feelings to be met? How do feelings come together? How are feelings formed? What is the root of the feeling? Contact with external things is the precondition for feeling to arise, contact with external things makes all kinds of feelings gather, contact with external things makes various feelings form and appear, contact with external things is the root of feelings. Contact with external things produces cognition, referred to as "touch".

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for touch to be met? How do touches come together? How is touch formed? What is the root of the touch? The places that contact external things and thoughts, such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and heart, which are the six places that contact external things and thoughts, are the prerequisites for touch. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and heart, which are in contact with the outside world, are referred to as the "six places". Note that the six places are only places where they touch external things and thoughts, that is, the six places where things and thoughts are only in contact with the outside world are not yet in contact. Six places allow the touch to gather, six places allow the touch formation to appear, and six places are the source of the touch.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for the six places to be produced? How did the six places come together? How are the six places formed? What are the roots of the six? Material things and spiritual thoughts are the prerequisites for the emergence of the six places, spiritual thoughts are referred to as "name", material things are referred to as "color", this color also includes the material body, material and spiritual are collectively called "name color". Famous colors bring together six places, famous colors make six places form and appear, and famous colors are the root of the six places.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for fame to be produced? How do celebrities come together? How is fame formed? What is the root of fame? The understanding, distinction, and judgment of external things and thoughts are the prerequisites for the emergence of fame. The understanding, distinction, and judgment of external things and thoughts are referred to as "knowledge". Knowledge makes the name color gather, knowledge makes the name color form and appear, and knowledge is the root of the famous color.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for knowledge to be produced? How does knowledge come together? How is knowledge formed? What is the root of knowledge? Physical behavior, spoken words, thoughts arise in the heart. Actions, speech, and thoughts are the prerequisites for the emergence of knowledge, and physical actions, speaking words, and thoughts arise in the heart are referred to as "action". Doing gives way to knowledge gathers, and practice gives way to the formation of knowledge, and action is the root of knowledge.

Disciples, what are the prerequisites for the line to be produced? How do rows come together? How are rows formed? What is the root of the line? They do not understand that people or beings in the world are very painful, do not understand that the root of suffering is craving, do not understand that only by first eliminating craving can we eliminate suffering, do not understand that the way to eliminate suffering is to practice the Noble Eightfold Path (Eightfold Path explanation, see Chapter 18), and do not understand that the four noble truths of the way of suffering and annihilation are called "ignorance" as mentioned earlier. Confusion is the precondition for the emergence of action, confusion gives way to the gathering of action, confusion gives way to the formation of action, and confusion is the root cause of action.

Disciples, this is the method of dependent origin (explanation of the method of dependent origin, see chapters 48 and 49) People or sentient beings in the world who follow the law of dependent origin will continue to suffer and sink in the cycle of life and death, suffering and suffering, that is: "action" is produced with "ignorance" as the precondition, "knowledge" is produced with "action" as the precondition, "name" is produced with "knowledge" as the precondition, "six places" are produced with "famous color" as the precondition, and "touch" is produced with "six places" as the precondition "Receive" is produced as a prerequisite, "love" is produced with "receive" as a precondition, "take" is produced with "love" as a precondition, "have" is produced with "taking" as a precondition, and "birth" is produced with "have" as a precondition, so that having "birth" will produce sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, and death. Disciples, this is the process by which the sufferings and troubles of people or beings in the world gather.

And disciples, people or sentient beings in the world can be freed from the troubles and sufferings of the cycle of life and death according to the retrograde trend of the law of dependent origin, that is, "ignorance" is destroyed without giving rise to "action", "action" is destroyed without "knowledge", "knowledge" is destroyed without giving birth to "name", "famous color" is destroyed without giving birth to "six places", "six" is destroyed without "touch", "touch" is destroyed without "feeling", "receive" is destroyed without giving birth to "love", and "love" is destroyed without "taking" , "take" does not give birth to "have" and perishes, "have" does not give birth to "birth" and perishes, "birth" does not give rise to sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death and perishes. Disciples, this is the process by which the suffering and troubles of people or beings in the world are eliminated. ”

After the Buddha's teachings, the monks who listened to the teachings once again paid homage to the Buddha and admired the immeasurable merits of the Buddha's teachings, and they all practiced according to the Buddha's teachings.

Pali original scripture

2. Āhāravaggo

SN.12.11/(1) Āhārasuttaṃ

　　 11. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme …pe… etadavoca– “cattārome, bhikkhave, āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro? Kabaḷīkāro āhāro– oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya”.

　　 “Ime, bhikkhave, cattāro āhārā kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā? Ime cattāro āhārā taṇhānidānā taṇhāsamudayā taṇhājātikā taṇhāpabhavā. Taṇhā cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā? Taṇhā vedanānidānā vedanāsamudayā vedanājātikā vedanāpabhavā. Vedanā cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā? Vedanā phassanidānā phassasamudayā phassajātikā phassapabhavā. Phasso cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo? Phasso saḷāyatananidāno saḷāyatanasamudayo saḷāyatanajātiko saḷāyatanapabhavo. Saḷāyatanañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ? Saḷāyatanaṃ nāmarūpanidānaṃ nāmarūpasamudayaṃ nāmarūpajātikaṃ nāmarūpapabhavaṃ. Nāmarūpañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ? Nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇanidānaṃ viññāṇasamudayaṃ viññāṇajātikaṃ viññāṇapabhavaṃ. Viññāṇañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ? Viññāṇaṃ saṅkhāranidānaṃ saṅkhārasamudayaṃ saṅkhārajātikaṃ saṅkhārapabhavaṃ. Saṅkhārā cime, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā? Saṅkhārā avijjānidānā avijjāsamudayā avijjājātikā avijjāpabhavā.

　　 “Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.