Once, when the Buddha lived in the Garden of Solitude in the Gion Grove in the Acropolis, the Buddha gathered the monks to sit beside him, and the Buddha said to the monks, "Disciples, I am going to speak to you now about the law of karma, you must listen carefully, you must think carefully. ”

The monks replied, "Shi Venerable, we will listen carefully, we will think carefully, and respectfully ask Shi Venerable to speak to you." ”

The Buddha said, "Disciples, what is karma? Disciples, because they do not understand that all beings born in the world with life are very painful, do not understand that the root of suffering is craving, do not understand that in order to eliminate suffering, we must first destroy covetousness, do not understand that in order to eliminate craving, we must practice the Noble Eightfold Path (the Noble Eightfold Path explanation, see Chapter 18), and do not understand that the Four Noble Truths of the Way of Suffering and Annihilation are called confusion, and that ignorance as a prerequisite will produce physical behavior, oral speech, and inner thoughts. These actions, words, and thoughts are referred to as "doing." In other words, "ignorance" is the precondition that "action" will arise.

With physical behavior, oral speech, and inner thinking behavior as the precondition, various understandings, distinctions, and judgments will be produced in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch sensation, and heart, and these understandings, distinctions, and judgments will be referred to as "knowledge", that is, "knowledge" will be produced with "action" as the precondition.

With the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch and feeling, and the heart producing various understandings, distinctions, and judgments as the preconditions, spiritual thoughts and worldly material things will be produced, and these produced spiritual thoughts are referred to as "names", these worldly material things are referred to as "colors", and the spirit and matter are collectively called "name colors". As mentioned earlier, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch sensation, and various understandings, distinctions, and judgments generated in the heart are referred to as "knowledge". To put it simply: "knowledge" as a prerequisite will produce "fame".

With spiritual thoughts and material things as the precondition, there will be places where things that come into contact with external things and enter the heart, that is, there will be eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and inner contact with the outside world, referred to as "six places": eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind. As mentioned earlier, spiritual thoughts and material things are referred to as "famous colors", and then the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind are referred to as "six places". Therefore, it can be briefly said: with "name color" as the precondition, "six places" will be produced.

With the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and the place where the heart touches the outside world as the precondition, when the external things are touched by the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and inner perception, that is, after the eyes see things, the ears hear the sound, the nose smells the smell, the tongue tastes, the body touches things, and the heart generates thoughts from contact with external things, cognition will be produced. These eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various cognitions generated by contact with external things are called eye touch, ear touch, nose touch, tongue touch, body touch, and intentional touch, referred to as "six touches". It should be noted that the "six touches" are different from the "six places" mentioned earlier, and the "six places" refer to the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and the place where the heart touches the outside world, which is the place of contact rather than the cognition generated after contact with the outside world, and we must pay attention to the difference between them. Where the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and inner contact with external things are not yet in contact with external things, cognition. Be sure not to confuse it with "six touches". It was said before that the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and inner contact with the outside world are called "six places". The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various cognitions generated by contact with external things are called eye touch, ear touch, nose touch, tongue touch, body touch, and intentional touch, referred to as "six touches". Then it can be briefly described as: "six touches" will be produced with "six places" as the precondition.

With eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various cognitions generated by contact with external things as a prerequisite, various feelings such as joy, anger and sorrow will be produced, referred to as these feelings are "received", as mentioned earlier, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various cognitions generated by contact with external things are called eye touch, ear touch, nose touch, tongue touch, body touch, and intentional touch, referred to as "six touches". So to put it briefly: taking the "six touches" as a prerequisite will produce various feelings.

Taking various feelings as a prerequisite will produce all kinds of cravings, the eyes see things, and the things they see will have cravings; The ear hears the sound and develops a craving for the sound heard; The nose smells the smell and develops craving for the smell; The tongue tastes the taste, and develops craving for the taste; The body touches things and develops craving for the feeling of touching things; The heart touches the outside things, and the thoughts that arise from the contact with things become craving; and the inner craving that arises after being exposed to various thoughts and practices, which is referred to as "love". To put it simply, love arises from feelings as a prerequisite.

Taking all kinds of cravings as a prerequisite will produce attachment and attachment, and these generated desires, uncausal opinions, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, arguments for the true existence of the self, perseverance, and behavior, speech, and thoughts that pursue the acquisition of these things, are called "taking". To put it simply: "love" as a prerequisite will produce "taking".

With desires, opinions that do not conform to cause and effect, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, and arguments that there is a real existence of the self, perseverance and perseverance, and the behavior, speech, and thoughts that pursue the acquisition of these things as a prerequisite, karma will occur, and good deeds will be rewarded with good, and evil deeds will be rewarded. Attachment and pursuit of desire, attachment and pursuit of things in the world, attachment and pursuit of inner thoughts, and concrete and practical actions, words, and thoughts will produce karma. With the pursuit of obtaining these desires, things, thoughts, thoughts, actions, words, and thoughts, various karma will be produced, and this is called "being", that is, karma is produced. As mentioned earlier, these generated desires, uncausal opinions, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, arguments for the true existence of the self, perseverance, persistence, and behavior, speech, and thoughts that pursue the acquisition of these things, are called "taking", then it can be said briefly: "taking" as a prerequisite will produce "have".

With karma as the premise, living beings in the world will be born, reincarnated, and reborn in different places, and will also appear and give birth to the material, body, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and cognitions of the world, which are referred to as "birth". Before it was said that karma is referred to as "have", then it can be briefly said: with "have" as the precondition, various "births" will appear.

Based on the premise of birth, reincarnation, and rebirth to different places, the material, body, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and understandings of the world will appear and arise separately as the precondition that all living beings in the world will have aging, losing teeth, graying hair, aging skin, wrinkling, dying, perishing, and disappearing. The material, body, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and cognitions that appear and arise will also collapse, die, and gradually disappear, which is referred to as "old death." That is to say, with birth, reincarnation, and rebirth in different places, manifesting and giving birth to the world's material, physical, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and cognitions as the precondition, there will be sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death and other pains and troubles. To put it simply, with "birth" as a prerequisite, there will be sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death, and other troubles and pains. Disciples, these are the processes of gathering the world's troubles and pains, these are the reasons for the cycle of life and death in the world, and this is the law of karma.

Disciples, if you repeat it briefly, you will repeat it briefly: Behaviors, words, and thoughts will occur if they do not understand that all beings born in the world are very painful, do not understand that the root of suffering is craving, do not understand that in order to eliminate suffering, we must first destroy love, do not understand that in order to eliminate craving, we must practice the Noble Eightfold Path (the Eightfold Path explain, see Chapter 18), and do not understand the ignorance of the Four Noble Truths of the Way of Suffering and Annihilation as a prerequisite, behavior, speech, and thoughts will occur.

The premise of physical behavior, oral speech, and inner thoughts will produce various understandings, distinctions, and judgments in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch sensation, and inner thoughts.

Spiritual thoughts and worldly material things are produced on the premise that the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, feeling, and various understandings, distinctions, and judgments arise in the heart.

With spiritual thoughts and material things as the precondition, there will be places where things that touch the outside world and enter the heart, that is, places where eyes, ears, noses, tongues, body touches, and inner contact with the outside world will occur.

With the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and inner contact with the outside world as the precondition, when the external things are touched by the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and inner perception, that is, after the eyes see things, the ears hear the sound, the nose smells the smell, the tongue tastes the taste, the body touches things, and the heart generates thoughts from contact with external things, cognition will be produced.

Eyes , ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various perceptions generated by contact with external things are preconditioned, and various feelings such as joy, anger and sorrow are produced.

Taking various feelings as a prerequisite will produce all kinds of cravings, the eyes see things, and the things they see will have cravings; The ear hears the sound and develops a craving for the sound heard; The nose smells the smell and develops craving for the smell; The tongue tastes the taste, and develops craving for the taste; The body touches things and develops craving for the feeling of touching things; The heart touches the outside things, and the thoughts that arise after contact with things become craving; and inner craving after being exposed to various thoughts and practices.

With all kinds of cravings as the precondition, attachment and attachment will arise, and the desires, uncausal opinions, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, and arguments for the true existence of the self, attachment and persistence, will produce behaviors, words, and thoughts that seek to obtain these things.

With desires, opinions that are not in line with cause and effect, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, and arguments that I really exist, perseverance and perseverance, and the precondition for pursuing the acquisition of these things, words, and thoughts will produce karma.

With karma as the premise, living beings in the world will be born, reincarnated, and reborn in different places, and will also appear and give birth to the world's material, physical, feelings, thoughts, actions, and cognitions separately.

Based on the premise of birth, reincarnation, and rebirth to different places, the material, body, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and understandings of the world will appear and arise separately as the precondition that all living beings in the world will have aging, losing teeth, graying hair, aging skin, wrinkling, dying, perishing, and disappearing. The material, physical, feelings, thoughts, actions, and cognitions that appear and arise will also collapse, die, and gradually disappear. There will be sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death, and so on.

For example, to put it more briefly, it was said before: I don't understand that all living beings born in the world are very painful, I don't understand that the root of suffering is craving, I don't understand that to destroy suffering you must first destroy craving, I don't understand that in order to destroy craving, we must practice the Noble Eightfold Path (the Eightfold Path explained, see Chapter 18), and I don't understand that the Four Noble Truths of the Way of Suffering and Annihilation are called "ignorance."

Physical actions, oral speech, inner thoughts, these actions, words, and thoughts are referred to as "walking".

The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch sensations, and various understandings, distinctions, and judgments generated in the heart, are referred to as "knowledge".

Spiritual thoughts and material things in the world, spiritual thoughts are referred to as "names", and material things in the world are referred to as "colors", and the spirit and matter are collectively called "name colors".

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, inner contact with the outside world. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind are referred to as "six places".

The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and various cognitions generated by contact with external things are called eye touch, ear touch, nose touch, tongue touch, body touch, and intentional touch, referred to as "six touches" can be more briefly called "touch".

Various feelings such as joy, anger, sorrow, etc., are referred to as "suffering".

All kinds of craving, the eyes see things, and they have a covetous love for what they see; The ear hears the sound and develops a craving for the sound heard; The nose smells the smell and develops craving for the smell; The tongue tastes the taste, and develops craving for the taste; The body touches things and develops craving for the feeling of touching things; The heart touches the outside things, and the thoughts that arise after contact with things become craving; and the craving that arises in the heart after being exposed to various thoughts and practices, which are referred to as "love".

Attachment, attachment, attachment to these desires, opinions that are not in line with cause and effect, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, arguments that have the real existence of the self, clinging to and persisting, resulting in the pursuit of obtaining these things, words, thoughts, is referred to as "taking".

Persistence, perseverance, attachment and pursuit of things in the world, attachment and pursuit of inner thoughts, manifestation of behavior, speech, and thoughts. With the pursuit of obtaining these desires, things, thoughts, thoughts, actions, words, and thoughts, various karma will arise, and this is called "being".

Living beings in the world are born, reincarnated, and reborn in different places, and they will also appear and give birth to the world's material, body, feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and understandings, which are referred to as "birth".

Living beings in the world age, lose teeth, turn gray, skin ages, wrinkles, die, perish, disappear. Those worldly substances, bodies, feelings, thoughts, actions, and cognitions that appear and arise will also collapse and disintegrate, age and die, and gradually disappear, which is referred to as "old death".

Then it can be said more briefly: "action" will be produced with "ignorance" as a precondition, "knowledge" will be produced with "action" as a precondition, "name" will be produced with "knowledge" as a precondition, "six places" will be produced with "famous color" as a precondition, "touch" will be produced with "touch" as a precondition, "receive" will be produced with "touch" as a precondition, "love" will be produced with "acceptance" as a precondition, and "taking" will be produced with "love" as a preconditionAs a prerequisite, "being" will be produced, "being" will be produced as a prerequisite, and "birth" will be produced as a prerequisite, and "birth" as a prerequisite will produce sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death, and so on.

Disciples, this is the law of karma.

Therefore, the disciples, who understand that all beings born in the world with life are very painful, understand that the root of suffering is craving, understand that in order to eliminate suffering, we must first destroy craving, understand that in order to eliminate craving, we must practice the Noble Eightfold Path (the Noble Eightfold Path explanation, see Chapter 18), and understand the Four Noble Truths of the Way of Suffering, then this confusion will be eliminated, and there will be no behavior, speech, and thought.

Because the physical behavior, the oral speech, and the inner thinking behavior are not there, there will be no various understandings, distinctions, and judgments in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch sensations, and hearts.

Because the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, feeling, and inner senses do not have all kinds of understanding, distinction, and judgment, then there will be no spiritual thoughts and material things in the world.

Because spiritual thoughts and material things are gone, there will be no place where things that touch the outside world and enter the heart, that is, there will be no places where eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and inner contact with the outside world will not be produced.

Because the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and the heart do not touch the outside world, then the things outside will not be touched by the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, inner perception, that is, the ears will not hear the sound, the nose will not smell, the tongue will not taste the taste, the body will not touch things, the heart does not touch the outside things, there will be no thoughts, and there will be no various cognitions.

Because the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body touch, and the absence of contact with external things in the heart produce various cognitions, there will be no feelings such as joy, anger and sorrow.

Because without all kinds of feelings, there will be no craving for things, and if the eyes do not see things, they will not have craving for things; If the ear does not hear the sound, it will not develop a craving for the sound; If the nose does not smell the smell, it will not crave the smell; If the tongue does not taste the taste, it will not crave the taste tasted; If the body does not touch things, it will not crave the feeling of touching things; If the heart does not come into contact with the outside things, it will not produce thoughts from these external things, and it will not covet these generated thoughts; And without contact with various thoughts and methods of practice, the heart will not covet these thoughts and methods of practice.

Without all kinds of cravings, there will be no attachment and attachment, no desires, opinions that are not in line with cause and effect, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, arguments for the true existence of the self, and certainly no attachment and perseverance to them, no behaviors, words, and thoughts in pursuit of obtaining these things.

Without desires, opinions that do not conform to cause and effect, abstinences and taboos that have nothing to do with liberation, arguments for the true existence of me, perseverance and perseverance, and no actions, words, and thoughts that pursue the acquisition of these things, there will be no karma.

Without karma, living beings in the world would not be born, reincarnated, and reborn in different places, nor would they be manifested and judged separately from the material, physical, feelings, thoughts, actions, and understandings of the world.

Without birth, reincarnation, and rebirth to different places, without separate judgments of manifestation and emergence of the material, body, feelings, thoughts, actions, and understandings of the world, there will be no aging of living beings in the world, loss of teeth, graying of hair, aging of skin and wrinkles, death, extinction, and disappearance. There is no manifestation and emergence of these worldly substances, bodies, feelings, thoughts, actions, and separate judgments, and since they do not appear and arise, they will not collapse, die, and gradually disappear. There will be no sorrow, sadness, bitterness, worry, despair, aging, death, and so on.

The disciples simply put it simply: "Ignorance" will not produce "action" after it is destroyed, "knowledge" will not arise after "action" is destroyed, "name" will not be produced after "knowledge" is destroyed, "six places" will not be produced after "famous color" is destroyed, "touch" will not be produced after "touch" is destroyed, "receive" will not be produced after "touch" is destroyed, "love" will not be produced after "acceptance" is destroyed, "take" will not be produced after "love" is destroyed, "take" will not be produced after "taking" is destroyed, and "take" will not produce "have" and "have" after "taking" is destroyed After the end of the "life" there will be no "birth", after the "birth" is destroyed, there will be no sorrow, sadness, distress, worry, despair, aging, death and other pains and troubles, so that it will be freed from all the troubles and sufferings of the world, and thus will be forever liberated from the cycle of life and death.

Disciples, these are the processes of eliminating the world's troubles and sufferings, these are the processes of eliminating the cycle of life and death of people or beings in the world, and these are the practice methods of liberation from the cycle of life and death. ”

After the Buddha's teachings, the monks who listened to the teachings once again paid homage to the Buddha and admired the immeasurable merits of the Buddha's teachings, and they all practiced according to the Buddha's teachings.

Pali original scripture

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

Saṃyuttanikāyo

Nidānavaggo

12. Nidānasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Buddhavaggo

SN.12.1/(1) Paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ

　　 1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi; taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo? Avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ; viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ; nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ; saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso; phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppādo.

　　 “Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho; viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho; nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho; saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho; phassanirodhā vedanānirodho; vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho; taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Paṭhamaṃ.