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Chapter 3: Who in the world can avoid aging and death?

Once, King Prasenajit of Kosala came to visit Buddha at his residence. After paying respects to Buddha, King Prasenajit asked him, "O Blessed One! Is there anyone or any living being who is exempt from aging and death? Is there anyone born into this world who can escape aging and death?"


Buddha replied, "Great king! No one or no living being born into this world can escape aging and death. As long as one is born into this world, they will inevitably age and die. Even those noble kings with countless riches, golds, jewels; supreme power; vast lands with abundant food; palaces; armies; servants...they too must age and die. What about venerable elders with great merits; generals with outstanding achievements; wealthy people who are rich beyond measure? They too must age and die. Ordinary folks like us cannot avoid it either.


Even those practitioners who have eliminated all afflictions through their practice in this world - having accomplished everything that needs to be done here on earth - having let go of all worries and burdens - having attained enlightenment by freeing themselves from worldly attachments through practicing the teachings of Tathagata completely- even for them their bodies are fragile like pottery vessels which need to be destroyed before they can truly break free from the cycle of birth-and-death (Samsara). There is birth because there is death. Only when there's no birth then there's no death.


Great king! Even a magnificent carriage will become old-fashioned eventually just as a strong body will also grow old and perish but the Dharma taught by Tathagata remains eternal without change. By following His teachings we may liberate ourselves from Samsara forevermore after attaining enlightenment by listening attentively to His words frequently so that we may eliminate our afflictions and sufferings. Finally, we can attain the state of liberation from Samsara forevermore."


At this point, Buddha recited a verse:


"Even the beautiful carriage will become old and worn out,


The body too will age towards old age.


But the Dharma remains eternally young,


As spoken by virtuous people." 


Pali original scripture


SN.3.3/(3) Jarāmaraṇasuttaṃ


   114. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “atthi nu kho, bhante, jātassa aññatra jarāmaraṇā”ti? “Natthi kho, mahārāja, jātassa aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, khattiyamahāsālā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā pahūtajātarūparajatā pahūtavittūpakaraṇā pahūtadhanadhaññā, tesampi jātānaṃ natthi aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, brāhmaṇamahāsālā …pe… gahapatimahāsālā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā pahūtajātarūparajatā pahūtavittūpakaraṇā pahūtadhanadhaññā, tesampi jātānaṃ natthi aññatra jarāmaraṇā. Yepi te, mahārāja, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā, tesaṃ pāyaṃ kāyo bhedanadhammo nikkhepanadhammo”ti. Idamavoca …pe…


   “Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā, atho sarīrampi jaraṃ upeti.


   Satañca dhammo na jaraṃ upeti, santo have sabbhi pavedayantī”ti.


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